Jobless rate hits 5-month low but payrolls fall

Men look over jobs listings while searching for employment at a jobs center in San Francisco, February 4, 2010.

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The U.S. unemployment rate surprisingly fell to a five-month low in January and factory payrolls grew for the first time since 2007, hinting at a labor market recovery even though the economy lost 20,000 jobs.

President Barack Obama cautiously welcomed the figures but said more needed to be done to put people back to work. Obama and his fellow Democrats fear voters could punish them in November congressional elections if headway is not made in tackling unemployment.

The decline in payrolls reported by the Labor Department on Friday was far smaller than the 150,000 drop posted in December. November's data from the survey of employers was revised sharply higher to a gain of 64,000, up from 4,000.

The jobless rate, based on a separate household survey, fell to 9.7 percent from 10 percent in December. That survey found employment rising, with the size of the labor force roughly flat. Analysts had expected payrolls to rise by 5,000 and the unemployment rate to edge up to 10.1 percent.

"The wheels of the economy are turning. The improvement in the employment data does match the increase in GDP the last two quarters so it's not a fluke. The economic recovery looks much more sustainable today," said Chris Rupkey, senior financial economist at Bank of Tokyo/Mitsubishi UFJ in New York, referring to economic growth data for the fourth quarter 2009.

Details of the report were relatively upbeat. The length of the average workweek hit its highest in a year and overtime paid in manufacturing was the most since September 2008, suggesting growing pressure to add to payrolls.

Some analysts, however, were skeptical of the drop in the jobless rate and believed it would head higher again. The pickup in factory employment helped to lift U.S. stocks, despite lingering worries about European fiscal problems.

U.S. government debt prices rose and the U.S. dollar hit an 8-1/2 month high versus the euro, tapping flight-to-quality trades from the troubles in Europe.

Annual revisions to the payrolls data showed job losses since the recession began were much deeper than originally thought. The economy has lost 8.4 million jobs since the start of the recession in December 2007, compared to 7.2 million before the revisions.

In January, the number of 'discouraged job seekers' stood at 1.1 million, up from 734,000 a year ago. Last month, 6.3 million people had been out of work of more than 27 weeks.

JOB POLITICS

With Americans increasingly anxious about persistent high unemployment, Obama has declared that job creation will be his top priority in 2010. Announcing plans on Friday to expand credit for small businesses, Obama said the employment report was cause for hope but not celebration.

"Understanding that these numbers will continue to fluctuate for months to come, these are welcome, if modest signs of progress along the road to recovery," Obama said.

Financial markets have grown nervous about the prospect of unemployment in the United States remaining high for a long time. The economy resumed growth in the second half of 2009, but a labor market recovery has yet to materialize.

Labor market weakness is causing households to remain wary of taking on new debt, with total consumer credit declining by $1.73 billion in December, a Federal Reserve report showed.

While the U.S. economy is growing, recovery hopes in Germany were dealt a set back by a sharp drop in industrial output in December.

A survey of banks that do business with the Fed predicted the U.S. central bank will start raising interest rates in the fourth quarter of this year as the labor market mends.

Analysts expect U.S. payrolls to start growing in February as the government steps up temporary hiring for the 2010 census.

"This hiring will continue to push the unemployment rate lower and then once the need for these workers is finished they will be fired and the unemployment rate will drift back up to the 10 percent area," said Brian Fabbri, chief North America economist at BNP Paribas in New York.

Last month, the services sector added 40,000 jobs after shedding 96,000 positions in December. The figure included a rise in federal government employment, partly a result of early hiring for the census.

In another positive trend, temporary help employment rose again last month, while manufacturing payrolls increased 11,000, the first gain since January 2007. Manufacturing employment had dropped 23,000 in December.

But the construction sector continued to struggle, losing 75,000 jobs, likely because of unusually cold weather. Construction payrolls fell 32,000 in December.

In another sign of labor market improvement, the average workweek unexpectedly edged up to 33.3 hours, the highest in a year, from 33.2 in December, while manufacturing overtime rose to 3.5 hours, the highest since September 2008.

"This suggests that firms are straining to keep up with rising demand without hiring. We believe that as long as orders keep streaming in, at some point soon firms are going to have to give in and add workers," said Stephen Stanley, chief economist at RBS in Stamford, Connecticut.

(Additional reporting by the White House team)