France's Reunion island aims for zero CO2

By Ed Harris

SAINT-DENIS DE LA REUNION (Reuters) - Ringed by volcanic rock, sandy beaches and the blue swell of the Indian Ocean, France's Reunion island is hardly a major polluter.

But hit by rising fuel costs and worried about the impact of global warming, particularly on its delicate flora and fauna, the small island nation has set itself the ambitious goal of cutting its greenhouse gas emissions to zero.

By 2025, the French territory wants to use renewable energy sources to produce 100 percent of its electricity, and to power all of its transport by 2050.

"We have water, sunshine, we even have an active volcano. We have more energy than we need for our development," Paul Verges, president of Reunion's regional council, said after Group of Eight (G8) leaders agreed a 50 percent cut in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 2050.

"We will be fighting 100 percent against CO2 at the same date that you (the G8 rich nations) will be at 50 percent," Verges told journalists in July on the sidelines of a biodiversity conference.

Some 36 percent of Reunion's electricity already comes from renewables, mostly hydroenergy and sugar cane fiber, bagasse.

But it wants to boost that figure by expanding its existing sources, cutting inefficiencies and exploring new technologies.

"What's possible in Reunion should also be possible in France, and should also be possible for the planet," France's Overseas Territories Minister Yves Jego told Reuters.

Reunion is expanding its photovoltaic, hydro and wind energy projects to produce up to 750 megawatts (MW), 120 MW and 60 MW respectively, said Jules Dieudonne, head of the Regional Plan for Renewable Energies and the Rational Use of Energy (PRERURE).

"Our ambition is to have 750 hectares of (photovoltaic) panels eventually installed," he said.

Some 115 million euros ($180 million) of public money is being spent between 2007 and 2017 to reach the targets, while preferential costings mean private energy firms get more money to produce electricity from renewable sources than from fossil fuels, he added.

"Today, we (wind energy) are at about 15 megawatts, 16 megawatts. So there are other projects, which are feasible," Serge Borchiellini, the Reunion representative for renewable energy firm Aerowatt, told Reuters, as an onshore breeze made wind turbines behind him whirr.

Biomass from sugar cane fiber and waste will also be part of Reunion's power future, while scientists are testing the potential of hydrogen, geothermal energy from La Piton de la Fournaise, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and even ocean energy.

Dieudonne said the temperature difference between sea water at the surface and at a 1,000-metre depth is about 22 degrees Celsius (71F).

"This difference in temperature can allow us to make electric energy," he said, also citing possible kinetic energy from the ocean swell.