Border farmers seek change on guest workers

By Tim Gaynor

YUMA, Arizona (Reuters) - Mexican migrant worker Fidel Castaneda hunkers down, brushes the sweat from his eyes and moves swiftly along the sun-blasted row cutting vines as the temperatures rises to 111 Fahrenheit (44 C).

"Watermelons are tough, because of the heat," he said.

Behind him, a woman wearing a straw hat, long sleeves and a cotton scarf slaps produce labels on the fruit, as other workers follow through lifting them into a trailer.

The job is one of the toughest in agriculture, and farmers in the irrigated desert around Yuma, Arizona, which produces around 90 percent of America's winter produce, struggle to fill them with American workers in this election year.

Each morning some 25,000 migrant workers like Castaneda, 54, get up in the dark in Mexico and cross over the border to work in the scorching fields. Growers say the sector has jobs for another 5,000 at peak times.

Many U.S. farmers, from dairy farmers to cattle ranchers and produce growers, complain that they cannot find enough American workers to fill many key jobs.

Growers in the sweltering U.S. borderlands are looking to the next president of the United States to create a guest worker program to help them find workers.

"Unlock the door for us. Let us have access to this work force that take jobs that Americans simply won't take, and then let's go from there," said Paul Muthart, general manager of Pasquinelli Produce Co, one of the largest produce growers in the area.

WORKER SHORTAGE

Immigration is a hot-button issue in the United States. Many Americans are worried about security on the porous Mexico border, divided over what to do with some 12 million illegal immigrants living in the shadows and split on the merits of opening the doors to more legal workers.

Both Republican candidate John McCain and Democrat Barack Obama favor tighter border security, granting many illegal immigrants legal status, and allowing screened guest workers to fill jobs not taken by Americans -- a stance shared by farmers.

"We think it is appropriate to offer the jobs to American workers first," said Muthart, whose firm pays above the $6.90 minimum wage in Arizona and offers workers benefits including health care, paid vacations and profit sharing.

"But this is a very remote area, and how are you going to get 5,000 people to respond to a classified ad to work out here in the elements?" he says.

Instead, he and other farmers across the Yuma area, which is irrigated by the waters of the Colorado River, bus in workers who cross legally through the port of entry from San Luis, Mexico each day.

Starting shortly after 5 a.m., Castaneda and his co-workers lift more than 30 tons of watermelons from each of more than 300 acres under cultivation, swilling water as they go, and taking frequent breaks in the shade.