India marks 60th anniversary

By Simon Denyer

NEW DELHI (Reuters) - Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh marked the 60th anniversary of independence from British rule by urging the country to work harder to free itself from the shackles of poverty, ignorance and disease.

"India cannot become a nation with islands of high growth and vast areas untouched by development, where the benefits of growth accrue only to a few," he said on Wednesday from the ramparts of New Delhi's historic Red Fort behind a bulletproof glass screen.

"We have moved forward in the many battles against poverty, ignorance and disease. But can we say we have won the war?," he told a crowd of officials and diplomats as well as children dressed in the white, orange and green of the Indian flag.

India is one of the world's fastest-growing economies, but has some of the sharpest inequalities in the world, with hundreds of millions of poor surviving on a fraction of a dollar a day.

Sharpshooters were stationed on nearby buildings as Singh spoke, while troops and armed police guarded roads and key buildings around the country on a day traditionally marked by violent attacks by separatist militants or Maoist rebels.

Earlier, Singh laid wreaths at memorials commemorating the leader of India's freedom movement, Mahatma Gandhi, as well as its first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, and his daughter, assassinated former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

The prime minister, dressed in his trademark light blue turban, then proceeded to the 17th century Mughal-era sandstone fort where he unfurled the national flag to a 21-gun salute.

"NATIONAL SHAME"

Singh promised fresh investment of 250 billion rupees ($6.2 billion) in agriculture, which still employs more than half of India's population, and said he wanted a "revolution in modern education" in a country where one in three people are illiterate.

"The problem of malnutrition is a national shame," he added. "I appeal to the nation to resolve and work hard to eradicate malnutrition within five years."

Despite growth rates of around 8 percent in recent years, around 46 percent of children under three are undernourished, UNICEF says, a higher rate than in sub-Saharan Africa.

He also vowed renewed efforts to promote industrialization and build "first-rate infrastructure", adding the transition from an agrarian to an industrial economy was a difficult one.

After farmers' protests this year, Singh said the government needed to ensure that those who lost their land to make way for factories did not lose their livelihoods. Urban planning also needed to be improved in India's ballooning cities.

"We are a young nation," he said. "Once unleashed, the energy of our youth will drive India onto a new growth path.

"However we must not be overconfident. We have a long march ahead. We need at least a decade of hard work and of sustained growth to realize our dreams."