Ugandan rebel deal met with skepticism, hope

By Francis Kwera

KAMPALA (Reuters) - A peace deal that will let Ugandan rebel leader Joseph Kony avoid international war crimes charges drew a mixed reaction on Wednesday, with some calling it an affront and others lauding it as a practical solution.

The Ugandan government and Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) rebels on Monday signed an agreement on how to deal with war crimes committed during one of Africa's longest-running and brutal civil wars.

LRA leader Joseph Kony and two of his lieutenants have been charged with atrocities in the International Criminal Court (ICC) in the Hague, which under international law requires they be turned over immediately upon capture or surrender.

But the deal stipulates that the Ugandan government will set up special war crimes courts to handle the gravest crimes, while traditional justice known as mato oput will be used for others.

The LRA has vowed never to sign a final peace deal unless Kampala could persuade the ICC to drop the case - something analysts say is unlikely. The prospect of a trial in the Hague has kept Kony in hiding.

The Ugandan government has opted for what it argues is a more practical approach, a homegrown solution which has support by the Acholi people in the north who have borne the brunt of a war led by one of their own.

Norbert Mao, chairman of Gulu District -- which has been ravaged by the war -- hailed the agreement as a "major step towards peace."

"If the LRA has committed itself to the agreement, then the Uganda government must do everything possible including lobbying to drop war crimes indictments ... to make sure sustainable peace returns," Mao told Reuters.

Nearly 2 million people have been forced into squalid camps, and tens of thousands killed in the 21-year conflict.

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But some view the deal as a snub to the ICC and international practices.

"It is not acceptable for the Ugandan government and the LRA to make a deal that circumvents international law," Amnesty International legal adviser Christopher Keith Hall said. "Many of these people have been charged with horrific crimes ... they must be handed over to the ICC."

The LRA is notorious for brutal attacks against civilians, often burning them to death and hacking off their limbs, ears or lips. More than half of its fighters are believed to be children abducted from northern Uganda.

Human Rights Watch called the deal a possible "major step toward peace and justice for northern Uganda, but the true test lies in how the agreement is put into practice."

The significance of the deal is that it includes a "a specific plan to try the most serious crimes," the watchdog's Richard Dicker said in a statement. But he cautioned that Uganda's courts may not be up to the task.